Python Object Methods — Complete Cheat Sheet

What Are Object Methods?

Object methods are functions defined inside a class that represent the behavior of an object. They always take self as the first parameter.

When an object calls a method, self refers to that specific object.

Basic Object Method

A simple class containing a method:

class Person:
  def greet(self):
    print("Hello!")

p = Person()
p.greet()

Here, greet() is an object method. The object pcalls it using p.greet().

What is the "self" Parameter?

self refers to the current calling object. It gives access to:

• Object attributes
• Other object methods
• Data stored inside the instance

class Car:
  def show(self):
    print("This is a car object:", self)

The object reference is passed automatically when calling a method.

Methods That Use Object Attributes

class Student:
  def __init__(self, name, age):
    self.name = name
    self.age = age

  def details(self):
    print("Name:", self.name)
    print("Age:", self.age)

s = Student("Emil", 21)
s.details()

details() displays the object’s stored data via self.

Object Methods with Parameters

Methods can accept additional arguments:

class MathTool:
  def multiply(self, a, b):
    return a * b

tool = MathTool()
print(tool.multiply(4, 5))

You only pass a and b; Python automatically passes the object as self.

Calling One Method From Another

class Person:
  def greet(self):
    print("Hello")

  def introduce(self):
    self.greet()
    print("I am a person")

p = Person()
p.introduce()

Use self.method_name() to call other methods inside the class.

Summary of Object Method Concepts